Journal: Journal of vitreoretinal diseases

Article Title: Imaging the Deep Choroidal Vasculature Using Spectral Domain and Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

doi: 10.1177/2474126418771805

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Devices.

Article Snippet: The software allows for segmentation of the choroidal vasculature. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 Device Cirrus HD-OCT Angioplex RTvue XR Avanti AngioVue DRI OCT-1 Triton Manufacturer Carl Zeiss Meditec Optovue Topcon OCTA algorithm OMAG SSADA OCTARA Scanning Speed 68 000 A-scans/sec 70 000 A-scans/sec 100 000 A-scans/sec Motion correction Real-time tracking Real-time tracking and postscan orthogonal registration Real-time tracking OCTA scanning protocols 3 × 3, 6 × 6 mm centered on macula 3 × 3, 6 × 6, 8 × 8 mm centered on macula 3 × 3, 4.5 × 4.5, 6 × 6 mm centered on either macula or optic nerve head FDA approval Yes Yes No Open in a separate window Abbreviations: FDA, Food and Drug administration; OCTA, optical coherence tomography angiography; OCTARA, optical coherence tomography angiography ratio analysis; OMAG, optical microangiography; SSADA, split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography.

Techniques: Tomography

Journal: Journal of vitreoretinal diseases

Article Title: Imaging the Deep Choroidal Vasculature Using Spectral Domain and Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

doi: 10.1177/2474126418771805

Figure Lengend Snippet: Patient Demographics According to Imaging System.

Article Snippet: The software allows for segmentation of the choroidal vasculature. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 Device Cirrus HD-OCT Angioplex RTvue XR Avanti AngioVue DRI OCT-1 Triton Manufacturer Carl Zeiss Meditec Optovue Topcon OCTA algorithm OMAG SSADA OCTARA Scanning Speed 68 000 A-scans/sec 70 000 A-scans/sec 100 000 A-scans/sec Motion correction Real-time tracking Real-time tracking and postscan orthogonal registration Real-time tracking OCTA scanning protocols 3 × 3, 6 × 6 mm centered on macula 3 × 3, 6 × 6, 8 × 8 mm centered on macula 3 × 3, 4.5 × 4.5, 6 × 6 mm centered on either macula or optic nerve head FDA approval Yes Yes No Open in a separate window Abbreviations: FDA, Food and Drug administration; OCTA, optical coherence tomography angiography; OCTARA, optical coherence tomography angiography ratio analysis; OMAG, optical microangiography; SSADA, split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography.

Techniques: Imaging

Journal: Journal of vitreoretinal diseases

Article Title: Imaging the Deep Choroidal Vasculature Using Spectral Domain and Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

doi: 10.1177/2474126418771805

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of Diagnoses and Whether Choroidal Blood Flow Was Visualized.

Article Snippet: The software allows for segmentation of the choroidal vasculature. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 Device Cirrus HD-OCT Angioplex RTvue XR Avanti AngioVue DRI OCT-1 Triton Manufacturer Carl Zeiss Meditec Optovue Topcon OCTA algorithm OMAG SSADA OCTARA Scanning Speed 68 000 A-scans/sec 70 000 A-scans/sec 100 000 A-scans/sec Motion correction Real-time tracking Real-time tracking and postscan orthogonal registration Real-time tracking OCTA scanning protocols 3 × 3, 6 × 6 mm centered on macula 3 × 3, 6 × 6, 8 × 8 mm centered on macula 3 × 3, 4.5 × 4.5, 6 × 6 mm centered on either macula or optic nerve head FDA approval Yes Yes No Open in a separate window Abbreviations: FDA, Food and Drug administration; OCTA, optical coherence tomography angiography; OCTARA, optical coherence tomography angiography ratio analysis; OMAG, optical microangiography; SSADA, split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography.

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of vitreoretinal diseases

Article Title: Imaging the Deep Choroidal Vasculature Using Spectral Domain and Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

doi: 10.1177/2474126418771805

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Color fundus photography of a right eye with late stage nonexudative age-related macular degeneration. (B) Infrared imaging with localization of B-scan acquisition through affected macula. (C) Representative 3 × 3mm en face OCTA image segmented through deeper choroidal vasculature and with visualization of deeper choroidal vessels. (D) Structural en face OCT image. (E) Optical coherence tomography angiography B-scan with flow overlay and segmented beneath the choriocapillaris with evidence of flow within the deeper choroidal vasculature through the area of RPE atrophy (Cirrus HD-OCT Angioplex). (F) OCT B-scan image through affected macula with hyper transmission of signal through the area of RPE atrophy. OCTA indicates optical coherence tomography angiography; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium.

Article Snippet: The software allows for segmentation of the choroidal vasculature. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 Device Cirrus HD-OCT Angioplex RTvue XR Avanti AngioVue DRI OCT-1 Triton Manufacturer Carl Zeiss Meditec Optovue Topcon OCTA algorithm OMAG SSADA OCTARA Scanning Speed 68 000 A-scans/sec 70 000 A-scans/sec 100 000 A-scans/sec Motion correction Real-time tracking Real-time tracking and postscan orthogonal registration Real-time tracking OCTA scanning protocols 3 × 3, 6 × 6 mm centered on macula 3 × 3, 6 × 6, 8 × 8 mm centered on macula 3 × 3, 4.5 × 4.5, 6 × 6 mm centered on either macula or optic nerve head FDA approval Yes Yes No Open in a separate window Abbreviations: FDA, Food and Drug administration; OCTA, optical coherence tomography angiography; OCTARA, optical coherence tomography angiography ratio analysis; OMAG, optical microangiography; SSADA, split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography.

Techniques: Imaging, Tomography, Transmission Assay

Journal: Journal of vitreoretinal diseases

Article Title: Imaging the Deep Choroidal Vasculature Using Spectral Domain and Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

doi: 10.1177/2474126418771805

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Color fundus photography of a right eye with an area of peripapillary atrophy nasally. (B) Infrared imaging with localization of B-scan acquisition through the optic nerve head. (C) Representative 3 × 3mm en face OCTA image segmented through deeper choroidal vasculature and with visualization of the deeper choroidal vessels. (D) Structural en face OCT image. (E) Optical coherence tomography angiography B-scan with flow overlay and segmented beneath the choriocapillaris with evidence of flow within the deeper choroidal vasculature through the area of RPE atrophy nasal to the optic nerve head (DRI OCT-1 Triton). (F) Optical coherence tomography B-scan image with hyper transmission of signal through the area of RPE atrophy. OCTA indicates optical coherence tomography angiography; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium.

Article Snippet: The software allows for segmentation of the choroidal vasculature. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 Device Cirrus HD-OCT Angioplex RTvue XR Avanti AngioVue DRI OCT-1 Triton Manufacturer Carl Zeiss Meditec Optovue Topcon OCTA algorithm OMAG SSADA OCTARA Scanning Speed 68 000 A-scans/sec 70 000 A-scans/sec 100 000 A-scans/sec Motion correction Real-time tracking Real-time tracking and postscan orthogonal registration Real-time tracking OCTA scanning protocols 3 × 3, 6 × 6 mm centered on macula 3 × 3, 6 × 6, 8 × 8 mm centered on macula 3 × 3, 4.5 × 4.5, 6 × 6 mm centered on either macula or optic nerve head FDA approval Yes Yes No Open in a separate window Abbreviations: FDA, Food and Drug administration; OCTA, optical coherence tomography angiography; OCTARA, optical coherence tomography angiography ratio analysis; OMAG, optical microangiography; SSADA, split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography.

Techniques: Imaging, Tomography, Transmission Assay

Journal: Journal of vitreoretinal diseases

Article Title: Imaging the Deep Choroidal Vasculature Using Spectral Domain and Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

doi: 10.1177/2474126418771805

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Color fundus photography of a right eye with high myopia. (B) Infrared imaging with localization of B-scan acquisition through the macula. (C) Representative 3 × 3mm en face OCTA image. (D) Structural en face OCT image. (E) Optical coherence tomography angiography B-scan with flow overlay (DRI OCT-1 Triton). The choroid is thinner underneath the nasal macula (*50 mm) compared to the temporal macula (*120 mm). Segmentation is performed from 50 to 120 mm below Bruch membrane (through choroid temporally but sclera nasally). Temporally, structural en face OCT (D) shows normal choroidal vasculature, but no choroidal flow signal is seen on OCTA (E). Nasally, choroidal flow signal on OCTA is visualized but only when sclera is segmented (E). Corresponding structural en face OCT (D) demonstrates the absence of choroidal vasculature, suggesting that the visualization of choroidal vessels nasally within the sclera was due to a scleral projection artifact. (F) OCT B-Scan image. OCTA indicates optical coherence tomography angiography.

Article Snippet: The software allows for segmentation of the choroidal vasculature. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 Device Cirrus HD-OCT Angioplex RTvue XR Avanti AngioVue DRI OCT-1 Triton Manufacturer Carl Zeiss Meditec Optovue Topcon OCTA algorithm OMAG SSADA OCTARA Scanning Speed 68 000 A-scans/sec 70 000 A-scans/sec 100 000 A-scans/sec Motion correction Real-time tracking Real-time tracking and postscan orthogonal registration Real-time tracking OCTA scanning protocols 3 × 3, 6 × 6 mm centered on macula 3 × 3, 6 × 6, 8 × 8 mm centered on macula 3 × 3, 4.5 × 4.5, 6 × 6 mm centered on either macula or optic nerve head FDA approval Yes Yes No Open in a separate window Abbreviations: FDA, Food and Drug administration; OCTA, optical coherence tomography angiography; OCTARA, optical coherence tomography angiography ratio analysis; OMAG, optical microangiography; SSADA, split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography.

Techniques: Imaging, Tomography

Journal: Ultramicroscopy

Article Title: RANKING TEM CAMERAS BY THEIR RESPONSE TO ELECTRON SHOT NOISE

doi: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.01.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Use of azimuthally averaged Fourier amplitude spectra of empty images to rank the performance of different electronic cameras. Individual Lorentzian functions, which are of the form 11+(ss0)2, are fitted to each Fourier amplitude spectrum. Three parameters – an overall scale factor for each experimental amplitude spectrum, an additive constant, and s0, the spatial frequency at which the function is equal 0.5 – are varied to produce a least-squares best fit between the data and the analytical function. (A) The Fourier amplitude spectrum for the TVIPS TemCam F416 camera, obtained when using 120 keV electrons, is used to illustrate the fitting of a single Lorentzian function to the experimental amplitude spectrum. Corresponding figures for other cameras are shown in the Supplemental material. (B) Comparison of Lorentzian curves fitted to amplitude spectra for two types of scintillator-coupled camera and for a silicon-pixel camera. Solid line: TVIPS TemCam F416 camera, 120 keV electrons; dashed line: Gatan UltraScan 4000 camera, 200 keV electrons; dotted line, Gatan K2 camera, 300 keV electrons.

Article Snippet: For two of these cameras we were also able to make these measurements for two values of the incident electron energy. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 TVIPS F416 4kx4k 15.6 μm pixel Gatan US4000 4kx4k 15.0 μm pixel FEI Eagle 2kx2k 30 μm pixel Gatan K2 4kx4k 5 μm pixel 80 keV - - 0.1 - 120 keV 1.1 1.2 - - 200 keV - 1.7 - - 300 keV - - 1.0 1.1 Open in a separate window Estimated variance of the detector response to single-electron events, derived from the excess noise (at low frequency) in the power spectra of empty images, depending upon the type of detector and the electron energy.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Ultramicroscopy

Article Title: RANKING TEM CAMERAS BY THEIR RESPONSE TO ELECTRON SHOT NOISE

doi: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.01.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Values of the spatial frequency, expressed as a fraction of Nyquist frequency, at which Lorentzian functions – fitted to the Fourier amplitude spectra of “empty” images – fall to 0.5, depending upon the type of detector and the electron energy. The sum of a single Lorentzian function plus a constant y-axis offset was fitted to the Fourier amplitude spectra (see for an example). Please refer to Figure S1 for fitted amplitude spectra for all other examples listed in this table. Values given in parentheses are the reciprocal of the respective values of the spatial frequency, i.e. the distance in number of pixels at which the nearly exponential linespread function falls to e −1 . Recall that Nyquist frequency is 1/(2 pixel).

Article Snippet: For two of these cameras we were also able to make these measurements for two values of the incident electron energy. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 TVIPS F416 4kx4k 15.6 μm pixel Gatan US4000 4kx4k 15.0 μm pixel FEI Eagle 2kx2k 30 μm pixel Gatan K2 4kx4k 5 μm pixel 80 keV - - 0.1 - 120 keV 1.1 1.2 - - 200 keV - 1.7 - - 300 keV - - 1.0 1.1 Open in a separate window Estimated variance of the detector response to single-electron events, derived from the excess noise (at low frequency) in the power spectra of empty images, depending upon the type of detector and the electron energy.

Techniques:

Journal: Ultramicroscopy

Article Title: RANKING TEM CAMERAS BY THEIR RESPONSE TO ELECTRON SHOT NOISE

doi: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.01.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Examples of azimuthally averaged power spectra of empty images that have been normalized by N, the total number of electrons in a given image. Only three examples are shown here for simplicity. Corresponding figures for other cameras are shown in the Supplemental material. Red curve: TVIPS F416 camera, 120 keV electrons; green curve: Gatan US4000 camera, 200 keV electrons; blue curve: Gatan K2 camera, 300 keV electrons.

Article Snippet: For two of these cameras we were also able to make these measurements for two values of the incident electron energy. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 TVIPS F416 4kx4k 15.6 μm pixel Gatan US4000 4kx4k 15.0 μm pixel FEI Eagle 2kx2k 30 μm pixel Gatan K2 4kx4k 5 μm pixel 80 keV - - 0.1 - 120 keV 1.1 1.2 - - 200 keV - 1.7 - - 300 keV - - 1.0 1.1 Open in a separate window Estimated variance of the detector response to single-electron events, derived from the excess noise (at low frequency) in the power spectra of empty images, depending upon the type of detector and the electron energy.

Techniques:

Journal: Ultramicroscopy

Article Title: RANKING TEM CAMERAS BY THEIR RESPONSE TO ELECTRON SHOT NOISE

doi: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.01.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Estimated variance of the detector response to single-electron events, derived from the excess noise (at low frequency) in the power spectra of empty images, depending upon the type of detector and the electron energy.

Article Snippet: For two of these cameras we were also able to make these measurements for two values of the incident electron energy. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 TVIPS F416 4kx4k 15.6 μm pixel Gatan US4000 4kx4k 15.0 μm pixel FEI Eagle 2kx2k 30 μm pixel Gatan K2 4kx4k 5 μm pixel 80 keV - - 0.1 - 120 keV 1.1 1.2 - - 200 keV - 1.7 - - 300 keV - - 1.0 1.1 Open in a separate window Estimated variance of the detector response to single-electron events, derived from the excess noise (at low frequency) in the power spectra of empty images, depending upon the type of detector and the electron energy.

Techniques: Derivative Assay

Journal: Archives of ophthalmology

Article Title: Evaluation of Visual Acuity Measurements after Autorefraction versus Manual Refraction in Eyes with and without Diabetic Macular Edema

doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.377

Figure Lengend Snippet: Autorefractor used (N=964) - N (%)

Article Snippet: Of the Topcon models, the 8000 series autorefractors differed from other autorefractor models included in this study in that they utilize a rotary prism technology that theoretically enables measurements of a wider retinal area through a smaller diameter pupil. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 Canon RK-2 2 (<1%) Canon RK-FI 8 (<1%) Grand Seiko WR-5100K 42 (4%) Humphrey 599 56 (6%) Marco Epic 2100 14 (1%) Marco Nidek ARK700A 44 (5%) Marco Nidek ARK730A 18 (2%) Marco Nidek ARK760A 204 (21%) Nidek AR 800 20 (2%) Nidek AR3000 90 (9%) Nidek ARK-900 12 (1%) Nikon NRK-8000 28 (3%) Nikon Retinomax 2 8 (<1%) Nikon Speedy 1 2 (<1%) Nikon Speedy K 6 (<1%) Topcon KR3000 38 (4%) Topcon KR7000S 2 (<1%) Topcon KR8000 142 (15%) Topcon KR8800 60 (6%) Topcon KR8900 132 (14%) Topcon RM 8000 14 (1%) Topcon RM A7000 22 (2%) Open in a separate window Autorefractor used (N=964) - N (%)

Techniques: